H4-Writer: A Text Entry Method Designed For Gaze Controlled Environment with Low KSPC and Spatial Footprint

TL;DR

H4-Writer is a novel gaze-controlled text entry method that reduces KSPC and spatial footprint, evaluated across multiple devices showing promising efficiency and learning effects.

Contribution

The paper introduces H4-Writer, a new gaze-based text entry system with lower KSPC and spatial footprint, and provides an empirical evaluation across different input devices.

Findings

Average KSPC of 2.62 across devices, lower than comparable techniques.

Entry speed of 3.54 wpm with mouse, 3.33 wpm with gamepad, 2.11 wpm with eye tracker.

Performance improved over time with practice, especially for eye tracker users.

Abstract

This paper presents a new text entry technique, namely H4-Writer, designed for gaze controlled environments and aimed at reducing average KSPC . and spatial footprint. It also presents an empirical evaluation of this proposed system by using three different input devices: mouse, gamepad, and eye tracker. The experiment was conducted using 9 participants and the obtained data were used to compare the entry speeds, efficiency and KSPC of H4-Writer for all the devices. Over three blocks, the average entry speed was 3.54 wpm for the mouse, 3.33 wpm for the gamepad and only 2.11 wpm for the eye tracker. While the eye tracker fared poorly compared to the mouse and the gamepad on entry speed, it showed significant improvement in entry speed over progressing blocks indicating increase in entry speed with practice. A full longitudinal study was conducted to indicate this. The average KSPC of all the three devices over all the text phrases entered was 2.62, which is significantly lower compared to other hand writing recognizing text entry techniques like EdgeWrite. An analysis of the blocks revealed improvement in error rate, efficiency and KSPC values with progressing block numbers as the participants got more acclimatized with the key codes for corresponding characters.