Binary matter-wave compactons induced by inter-species scattering length modulations

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how periodic modulations of inter-species scattering length in binary Bose-Einstein condensates can induce stable, localized matter-wave solutions called compactons and quasi-compactons, with potential for experimental realization.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method to generate and analyze stable compacton solutions in binary BECs using averaged discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations with modulated inter-species interactions.

Findings

Exact compacton solutions exist under strong, rapid modulations.

Quasi-compactons form dynamically when exact conditions are slightly violated.

Stable compactons and quasi-compactons can persist over long times under proper management.

Abstract

Binary mixtures of quasi one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) trapped in deep optical lattices (OL) in the presence of periodic time modulations of the inter-species scattering length, are investigated. We adopt a mean field description and use the tight binding approximation and the averaging method to derive averaged model equations in the form of two coupled discrete nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations (DNLSE) with tunneling constants that nonlinearly depend on the inter-species coupling. We show that for strong and rapid modulations of the inter-species scattering length, the averaged system admits exact compacton solutions, e.g. solutions that have no tails and are fully localized on a compact which are achieved when the densities at the compact edges are in correspondence with zeros of the Bessel function (zero tunneling condition). Deviations from exact conditions give rise to the formation of quasi-compactons, e.g. non exact excitations which look as compactons for any practical purpose, for which the zero tunneling condition is achieved dynamically thanks to an effective nonlinear dispersive coupling induced by the scattering length modulation. Stability properties of compactons and quasi-compactons are investigated by linear analysis and by numerical integrations of the averaged system, respectively, and results compared with those from the original (unaveraged) system. In particular, the occurrence od delocalizing transitions with existence of thresholds in the mean inter-species scattering length is explicitly demonstrated. Under proper management conditions, stationary compactons and quasi-compactons are quite stable and robust excitations that can survive on very long time scale. A parameter design and a possible experimental setting for observation of these excitations are briefly discussed.