Hubble law: measure and interpretation

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent advances in measuring and interpreting the Hubble law, highlighting improvements in observational techniques, understanding biases, and new results that could lead to a paradigm shift in cosmology.

Contribution

It critically examines recent progress in empirical measurements and theoretical understanding of the Hubble law, emphasizing the potential for new insights into the universe's nature.

Findings

Enhanced observational methods for measuring the Hubble constant

Identification and understanding of biases in Hubble law determinations

Emergence of new theoretical and observational results impacting cosmology

Abstract

We have had the chance to live through a fascinating revolution in measuring the fundamental empirical cosmological Hubble law. The key progress is analysed : 1) improvement of observational means (ground-based radio and optical observations, space missions) ; 2) understanding of the biases that affect both distant and local determinations of the Hubble constant; 3) new theoretical and observational results. These circumstances encourage us to take a critical look at some facts and ideas related to the cosmological red-shift. This is important because we are probably on the eve of a new understanding of our Universe, heralded by the need to interpret some cosmological key observations in terms of unknown processes and substances.