A JKR solution for a ball-in-socket contact geometry as a bi-stable adhesive system

TL;DR

This paper extends the classical JKR adhesion theory to conformal ball-in-socket geometries, revealing a bi-stable system with regimes of weak and strong adhesion depending on a key parameter, and highlighting the complex pull-off behavior.

Contribution

It introduces a new JKR-based model for conformal contact geometries, identifying a governing parameter that predicts bi-stability and adhesion regimes, advancing understanding of adhesive contact mechanics.

Findings

Identifies a critical parameter theta that governs adhesion behavior.

Reveals bi-stable adhesion regimes with weak and strong adhesion states.

Shows that pull-off load behavior depends on the value of theta.

Abstract

In the present note, we start by observing that in the classical JKR theory of adhesion, using the usual Hertzian approximations, the pull-off load grows unbounded when the clearance goes to zero in a conformal "ball in socket" geometry. To consider the case of the conforming geometry, we use a recent rigorous general extension of the original JKR energetic derivation proposed by the first author which necessitates only of adhesionless solutions, and an approximate adhesionless solution given in the literature. We find that depending on a single governing parameter of the problem, theta=DeltaR/(2 pi w R E*) where E* is the plane strain elastic modulus of the material couple, w the surface energy, DeltaR the clearance and R the radius of the sphere, the system shows the classical bistable behaviour for a single sinusoid or a dimpled surface: pull off is approximately that of the JKR theory for theta>0.82 only if the system is not "pushed" strongly enough and otherwise a "strong adhesion" regime is found. Below this value theta<0.82, a strong spontaneous adhesion regime is found similar to "full contact". From the strong regime, pull-off will require a separate investigation depending on the actual system at hand.