Unruh thermal hadronization and the cosmological constant

TL;DR

This paper investigates how a negative cosmological constant influences the freeze-out temperature in high-energy heavy-ion collisions using black hole models in anti-de Sitter space, revealing that the small black hole solution aligns well with experimental data.

Contribution

It introduces the use of small black hole solutions in anti-de Sitter space to model hadronization temperature, highlighting the impact of the cosmological constant as plasma pressure.

Findings

Small black hole solutions match experimental freeze-out data.

Including the cosmological constant lowers the freeze-out temperature.

The model improves upon previous descriptions of hadronization temperature.

Abstract

We use black holes with a negative cosmological constant to investigate aspects of the freeze-out temperature for hadron production in high energy heavy-ion collisions. The two black hole solutions present in the anti-de Sitter geometry have different mass and are compared to the data showing that the small black hole solution is in good agreement. This is a new feature in the literature since the small black hole in general relativity has different thermodynamic behavior from that of the large black hole solution. We find that the inclusion of the cosmological constant (which can be interpreted as the plasma pressure) leads to a lowering of the temperature of the freeze-out curve as a function of the baryochemical potential, improving the description previously suggested by Castorina, Kharzeev, and Satz.