Modeling-based determination of physiological parameters of systemic VOCs by breath gas analysis, part 2

TL;DR

This paper extends a two-compartment model to include upper airway effects, improving the understanding of how inhaled VOC concentrations influence exhaled breath levels, especially for compounds with higher Henry constants.

Contribution

It introduces an extended model with an additional compartment to better account for upper airway influence on VOC exhalation.

Findings

Enhanced model captures upper airway effects on VOC exhalation

Improved accuracy for VOCs with higher Henry constants

Provides a more comprehensive framework for breath gas analysis

Abstract

In a recent paper we presented a simple two compartment model which describes the influence of inhaled concentrations on exhaled breath concentrations for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with small Henry constants. In this paper we extend this investigation concerning the influence of inhaled concentrations on exhaled breath concentrations for VOCs with higher Henry constants. To this end we extend our model with an additional compartment which takes into account the influence of the upper airways on exhaled breath VOC concentrations.