Strong-field Phenomena in Periodic Systems

TL;DR

This paper reviews the physics of strong-field interactions in periodic systems like crystals and superlattices, highlighting recent experimental advances and potential for ultrafast electronic control at petahertz frequencies.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of strong-field phenomena in periodic systems, comparing interaction regimes and discussing recent experimental progress and future control possibilities.

Findings

Insights into strong-field electron dynamics in crystals and nanostructures.

Recent experimental techniques enabling ultrafast electronic process measurement.

Discussion of pathways toward petahertz frequency electronic control.

Abstract

The advent of visible-infrared laser pulses carrying a substantial fraction of their energy in a single field oscillation cycle has opened a new era in the experimental investigation of ultrafast processes in semiconductors and dielectrics (bulk as well as nanostructured), motivated by the quest for the ultimate frontiers of electron-based signal metrology and processing. Exploring ways to approach those frontiers requires insight into the physics underlying the interaction of strong high-frequency (optical) fields with electrons moving in periodic potentials. This Colloquium aims at providing this insight. Introduction to the foundations of strong-field phenomena defines and compares regimes of field--matter interaction in periodic systems, including (perfect) crystals as well as optical and semiconductor superlattices, followed by a review of recent experimental advances in the study of strong-field dynamics in crystals and nanostructures. Avenues toward measuring and controlling electronic processes up to petahertz frequencies are discussed.