Fundamental Physics with the Hubble Space Telescope

TL;DR

This paper discusses how the Hubble Space Telescope can contribute to fundamental physics by addressing dark matter and cosmic acceleration through high-precision cosmological measurements and proposes a dedicated observational program.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of a 'HST Fundamental Physics' program to enhance HST's role in probing fundamental physics questions.

Findings

HST can significantly impact dark matter research.

HST can help understand cosmic acceleration.

A dedicated program could improve measurement precision.

Abstract

Cosmology is intrinsically intertwined with questions in fundamental physics. The existence of non-baryonic dark matter requires new physics beyond the Standard Model of elemenatary-particle interactions and Einstein's general relativity, as does the accelerating expansion of the universe. Current tensions between various cosmological measurements may be harbingers of yet more new physics. Progress on understanding dark matter and cosmic acceleration requires long term, high-precision measurements and excellent control of systematics, demanding observational programs that are often outside the discovery/characterization mode that drives many areas of astronomy. We outline potential programs through which the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) could have a major impact on issues in fundamental physics in the coming years. To realize this impact, we suggest the introduction of a "HST Fundamental Physics" observational program that would be subject to a modified proposal and review process.