The Updated Multiple Star Catalog

TL;DR

This paper provides an updated catalog of hierarchical stellar systems with detailed data, new classifications, and statistical analysis, serving as a resource for research and observation planning in stellar astrophysics.

Contribution

The paper introduces an updated version of the Multiple Star Catalog with expanded data, classifications, and analysis of stellar hierarchy properties.

Findings

The catalog includes data for 2000 hierarchies with detailed parameters.

High-order hierarchies have smaller velocity dispersions than triples.

The ratio of periods and separations suggests most systems are dynamically stable.

Abstract

The catalog of hierarchical stellar systems with three or more components is an update of the original 1997 version of the MSC. For two thousand hierarchies, the new MSC provides distances, component's masses and periods, as well as supplementary information (astrometry, photometry, identifiers, orbits, notes). The MSC content and format are explained, its incompleteness and strong observational selection are stressed. Nevertheless, the MSC can be used for statistical studies and it is a valuable source for planning observations of multiple stars. Rare classes of stellar hierarchies found in the MSC (with 6 or 7 components, extremely eccentric orbits, planar and possibly resonant orbits, hosting planets) are briefly presented. High-order hierarchies have smaller velocity dispersion compared to triples and are often associated with moving groups. The paper concludes by the analysis of the ratio of periods and separations between inner and outer subsystems. In wide hierarchies, the ratio of semimajor axes, estimated statistically, is distributed between 3 and 300, with no evidence of dynamically unstable systems.