Studying the transfer of magnetic helicity in solar active regions with the connectivity-based helicity flux density method

TL;DR

This paper evaluates the robustness of a connectivity-based magnetic helicity flux density method in solar active regions, demonstrating its reliability across different magnetic field extrapolation models and its potential for understanding solar flares.

Contribution

The study validates the connectivity-based helicity flux density method's reliability using various extrapolation models, supporting its application in observational solar physics.

Findings

Method is robust across different extrapolation models.

Regions of opposite helicity flux are consistently identified.

Supports use in analyzing solar flare activity.

Abstract

In the solar corona, magnetic helicity slowly and continuously accumulates in response to plasma flows tangential to the photosphere and magnetic flux emergence through it. Analyzing this transfer of magnetic helicity is key for identifying its role in the dynamics of active regions (ARs). The connectivity-based helicity flux density method was recently developed for studying the 2D and 3D transfer of magnetic helicity in ARs. The method takes into account the 3D nature of magnetic helicity by explicitly using knowledge of the magnetic field connectivity, which allows it to faithfully track the photospheric flux of magnetic helicity. Because the magnetic field is not measured in the solar corona, modeled 3D solutions obtained from force-free magnetic field extrapolations must be used to derive the magnetic connectivity. Different extrapolation methods can lead to markedly different 3D magnetic field connectivities, thus questioning the reliability of the connectivity-based approach in observational applications. We address these concerns by applying this method to the isolated and internally complex AR 11158 with different magnetic field extrapolation models. We show that the connectivity-based calculations are robust to different extrapolation methods, in particular with regards to identifying regions of opposite magnetic helicity flux. We conclude that the connectivity-based approach can be reliably used in observational analyses and is a promising tool for studying the transfer of magnetic helicity in ARs and relate it to their flaring activity.