Trapped fluid in contact interface

TL;DR

This study models the mechanical contact between a deformable wavy surface and a rigid flat with trapped fluid, revealing how fluid pressurization affects contact area, friction, and interface opening under various conditions.

Contribution

It introduces a finite element model for trapped fluid contact, analyzing the effects of fluid compressibility and material behavior on contact evolution and frictional properties.

Findings

Incompressible fluid causes monotonic decrease in contact area and friction with pressure.

Compressible fluids exhibit non-monotonous friction behavior due to competing effects.

Contact opening is unlikely at realistic pressures for typical materials.

Abstract

We study the mechanical contact between a deformable body with a wavy surface and a rigid flat taking into account pressurized fluid trapped in the interface. A finite element model is formulated for a general problem of trapped fluid for frictionless and frictional contact. Using this model we investigate the evolution of the real contact area, maximal frictional traction and global coefficient of friction under increasing external pressure. Elastic and elasto-plastic material models, compressible and incompressible fluid models and different geometrical characteristics of the wavy surface are used. We show that in case of incompressible fluid, due to its pressurization, the real contact area and the global coefficient of friction decrease monotonically with the increasing external pressure. Ultimately the contact opens and the fluid occupies the entire interface resulting in vanishing of static friction. In case of compressible fluids with pressure-dependent bulk modulus, we demonstrate a non-monotonous behaviour of the global coefficient of friction due to a competition between non-linear evolution of the contact area and of the fluid pressure. However, for realistic compressibility of solids and fluids, contact-opening cannot be reached at realistic pressures. An asymptotic analytical result for the trap-opening pressure is found and shown to be independent of the surface slope if it is small. On the other hand, in case of elastic-perfectly plastic materials, we again observe fluid permeation into the contact interface. Finally, we study the distribution of frictional tractions during the depletion of the contact area under increasing pressure. This process leads to emergence of singularity-like peaks in the tangential tractions (bounded by the Coulomb's limit) near the contact edges. We point out the similarity between the processes of trap opening and interfacial crack...