Effects of energy conservation on equilibrium properties of hot asymmetric nuclear matter

TL;DR

This study uses a relativistic transport model to show that including baryon potentials in energy conservation is crucial for accurately predicting equilibrium properties of hot asymmetric nuclear matter, especially in heavy ion collisions.

Contribution

It demonstrates the importance of incorporating baryon scalar and vector potentials into energy conservation conditions in transport models for nuclear matter.

Findings

Scalar potentials mainly influence $ riangle$ and pion equilibrium numbers.

Vector potentials significantly affect the effective charged pion ratio.

Including potentials in energy conservation is essential for accurate pion production modeling.

Abstract

Based on the relativistic Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model, which includes relativistic scalar and vector potentials on baryons, we consider a $N-\Delta-\pi$ system in a box with periodic boundary conditions to study the effects of energy conservation in particle production and absorption processes on the equilibrium properties of the system. The density and temperature of the matter in the box are taken to be similar to the hot dense matter formed in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies. We find that to maintain the equilibrium numbers of $N$, $\Delta$ and $\pi$, which depend on the mean-field potentials of $N$ and $\Delta$, requires the inclusion of these potentials in the energy conservation condition that determines the momenta of outgoing particles after a scattering or decay process. We further find that the baryon scalar potentials mainly affect the $\Delta$ and pion equilibrium numbers, while the baryon vector potentials have considerable effects on the effective charged pion ratio at equilibrium. Our results thus indicate that it is essential to include in the transport model the effect of potentials in the energy conservation of a scattering or decay process, which is ignored in most transport models, for studying pion production in heavy ion collisions.