Identical synchronization of nonidentical oscillators: when only birds of different feathers flock together

TL;DR

This paper generalizes the master stability formalism to analyze the stability of identical synchronization in networks of heterogeneous oscillators with large mismatches, revealing new mechanisms like delay-induced AISync and implications for control.

Contribution

It introduces a novel formalism for stability analysis of nonidentical oscillators, enabling systematic study of asymmetry-induced synchronization in complex networks.

Findings

Delay communication can induce AISync in delay-coupled oscillators.

Heterogeneity can be exploited to enhance synchronization stability.

The method simplifies stability analysis of large mismatched networks.

Abstract

An outstanding problem in the study of networks of heterogeneous dynamical units concerns the development of rigorous methods to probe the stability of synchronous states when the differences between the units are not small. Here, we address this problem by presenting a generalization of the master stability formalism that can be applied to heterogeneous oscillators with large mismatches. Our approach is based on the simultaneous block diagonalization of the matrix terms in the variational equation, and it leads to dimension reduction that simplifies the original equation significantly. This new formalism allows the systematic investigation of scenarios in which the oscillators need to be nonidentical in order to reach an identical state, where all oscillators are completely synchronized. In the case of networks of identically coupled oscillators, this corresponds to breaking the symmetry of the system as a means to preserve the symmetry of the dynamical state---a recently discovered effect termed asymmetry-induced synchronization (AISync). Our framework enables us to identify communication delay as a new and potentially common mechanism giving rise to AISync, which we demonstrate using networks of delay-coupled Stuart-Landau oscillators. The results also have potential implications for control, as they reveal oscillator heterogeneity as an attribute that may be manipulated to enhance the stability of synchronous states.