Combining symmetry breaking and restoration with configuration interaction: extension to z-signature symmetry in the case of the Lipkin Model

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new many-body computational method that combines symmetry breaking and restoration with low-rank excitations to efficiently study open-shell nuclei, achieving accurate energies with polynomial cost.

Contribution

The method extends truncated configuration interaction to include z-signature symmetry, integrating symmetry breaking, restoration, and low-rank excitations for improved nuclear modeling.

Findings

Accurately reproduces ground-state and excitation energies across various symmetries.

Demonstrates polynomial computational cost with system size.

Validates approach on the Lipkin model and previous pairing Hamiltonian studies.

Abstract

Background: Ab initio many-body methods whose numerical cost scales polynomially with the number of particles have been developed over the past fifteen years to tackle closed-shell mid-mass nuclei. Open-shell nuclei have been further addressed by implementing variants based on the concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking (and restoration). Purpose: In order to access the spectroscopy of open-shell nuclei more systematically while controlling the numerical cost, we design a novel many-body method that combines the merit of breaking and restoring symmetries with those brought about by low-rank individual excitations. Methods: The recently proposed truncated configuration-interaction method based on optimized symmetry-broken and -restored states is extended to the z-signature symmetry associated with a discrete subgroup of SU(2). The highly-truncated N-body Hilbert subspace within which the Hamiltonian is diagonalized is spanned by a z-signature broken and restored Slater determinant vacuum and associated low-rank excitations. Results: The proposed method provides an excellent reproduction of the ground-state energy and of low-lying excitation energies of various z-signatures and total angular momenta. In doing so, the successive benefits of (i) breaking the symmetry, (ii) restoring the symmetry, (iii) including low-rank particle-hole excitations and (iv) optimizing the amount by which the underlying vacuum breaks the symmetry are illustrated. Conclusions: The numerical cost of the newly designed variational method is polynomial with respect to the system size. The present study confirms the results obtained previously for the attractive pairing Hamiltonian in connection with the breaking and restoration of U(1) global gauge symmetry. These two studies constitute a strong motivation to apply this method to realistic nuclear Hamiltonians.