EUV Emission and Scattered Light Diagnostics of Equatorial Coronal Holes as Seen by Hinode/EIS

TL;DR

This study quantifies instrument-scattered light in Hinode/EIS observations of equatorial coronal holes, revealing it significantly affects high-temperature plasma diagnostics and impacts understanding of the solar wind source regions.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed assessment of scattered light effects on coronal hole spectroscopic measurements across different solar cycle phases.

Findings

Scattered light contributes about 10% of neighboring quiet Sun intensities.

It dominates spectral lines formed at temperatures above Log T = 6.15 K.

High-temperature plasma signals are likely artifacts caused by scattered light.

Abstract

Spectroscopic diagnostics of solar coronal plasmas critically depends on the uncertainty in the measured line intensities. One of the main sources of uncertainty is instrumental scattered light, which is potentially most important in low-brightness areas. In the solar corona, such areas include polar and equatorial coronal holes, which are the source regions of the solar wind; instrument-scattered light must thus pose a significant obstacle to studies of the source regions of the solar wind. In this paper we investigate the importance of instrument-scattered light on observations of equatorial coronal holes made by the Hinode/EIS spectrometer in two different phases of the solar cycle. We find that the instrument-scattered light is significant at all temperatures, and in both regions it amounts to approximately 10% of the average intensity of the neighboring quiet Sun regions. Such contribution dominates the measured intensity for spectral lines formed at temperatures larger than Log T = 6.15 K, and has deep implications for spectroscopic diagnostics of equatorial coronal hole plasmas and studies of the source regions of a large portion of the solar wind which reaches Earth. Our results suggest that the high temperature tail of in the coronal hole plasma distribution with temperature, however small, is an artifact due to the presence of scattered light.