Numerical analysis on mixing processes for transcritical real-fluid simulations

TL;DR

This paper compares fully conservative, quasi-conservative, and hybrid adaptive schemes for simulating transcritical real-fluid flows, revealing how numerical diffusion influences mixing behavior predictions.

Contribution

It introduces an adaptive hybrid scheme and analyzes how different numerical schemes affect mixing process predictions in transcritical flow simulations.

Findings

Different schemes predict distinct mixing behaviors.

Mixing follows isobaric-adiabatic and isobaric-isochoric models for fully and quasi-conservative schemes.

Numerical diffusion, not physical diffusion, causes these differences.

Abstract

The accurate and robust simulation of transcritical real-fluid flows is crucial for many engineering applications. Diffused interface methods are frequently employed and several numerical schemes have been developed for simulating transcritical flows. These schemes can be categorized into two types, namely fully conservative and quasi-conservative schemes. An adaptive scheme which is a hybrid of the two is developed in this study. By considering several numerical test cases, it is shown that different schemes predict distinctly different mixing behaviors. It is shown that the mixing processes follow the isobaric-adiabatic and isobaric-isochoric mixing models for fully and quasi-conservative schemes, respectively, and the adaptive scheme yields a mixing behavior that spans both models. The distinct mixing behaviors are a consequence of numerical diffusion instead of physical diffusion and can be attributed to insufficient numerical spatial resolution. This work provides a better understanding on the interpretation of numerical simulation results and the mixing models that are commonly used to study transcritical flows.