Cauchy problems for Keller-Segel type time-space fractional diffusion equation

TL;DR

This paper studies a fractional Keller-Segel equation incorporating memory, Levy diffusion, and long-range interactions, establishing fundamental estimates, solution existence, and key properties like mass conservation and blowup behavior.

Contribution

It introduces new analytical techniques for fractional Keller-Segel equations with singular potentials, proving existence, uniqueness, and qualitative properties of solutions.

Findings

Established $L^r-L^q$ estimates for fundamental solutions

Proved global existence for small initial data in critical spaces

Demonstrated mass conservation and blowup behaviors

Abstract

This paper investigates Cauchy problems for nonlinear fractional time-space generalized Keller-Segel equation $^c_0D_t^\beta\rho+(-\triangle)^{\frac{\alpha}{2}}\rho+\nabla\cdot(\rho B(\rho))=0$, where Caputo derivative $^c_0D_t^\beta\rho$ models memory effects in time, fractional Laplacian $(-\triangle)^{\frac{\alpha}{2}}\rho$ represents L\'evy diffusion and $B(\rho)=-s_{n,\gamma}\int_{R^n}\frac{x-y}{|x-y|^{n-\gamma+2}}\rho(y)dy $ is the general potential with a singular kernel which takes into account the long rang interaction. We first establish $L^r-L^q$ estimates and weighted estimates of the fundamental solutions $(P(x,t), Y(x,t))$ (or equivalently, the solution operators $(S_\alpha^\beta(t), T_\alpha^\beta(t))$). Then, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the mild solutions when initial data are in $L^p$ spaces, or the weighted spaces. Similar to Keller-Segel equations, if the initial data are small in critical space $L^{p_c}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ ($p_c=\frac{n}{\alpha+\gamma-2}$), we construct the global existence. Furthermore, we prove the $L^1$ integrability and integral preservation when the initial data are in $L^1(\mathbb{R}^n)\cap L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ or $L^1(\mathbb{R}^n)\cap L^{p_c}(\mathbb{R}^n)$. Finally, some important properties of the mild solutions including the nonnegativity preservation, mass conservation and blowup behaviors are established.