Persistence of exponential decay and spectral gaps for interacting fermions

TL;DR

This paper proves that weakly interacting fermionic systems on a lattice retain a spectral gap and exponential decay properties if both the free and interacting parts decay rapidly, using fermionic perturbation theory.

Contribution

It introduces a convergent fermionic perturbation theory approach to establish spectral gaps in interacting fermion systems, extending previous results to non-selfadjoint interactions.

Findings

Spectral gap persists under weak interactions with rapid decay.

Exponential decay of correlations is maintained in the interacting system.

Method provides an alternative to existing proofs, including non-selfadjoint cases.

Abstract

We consider systems of weakly interacting fermions on a lattice. The corresponding free fermionic system is assumed to have a ground state separated by a gap from the rest of the spectrum. We prove that, if both the interaction and the free Hamiltonian are sums of sufficiently rapidly decaying terms, and if the interaction is sufficiently weak, then the interacting system has a spectral gap as well, uniformly in the lattice size. Our approach relies on convergent fermionic perturbation theory, thus providing an alternative method to the one used recently in [MB Hastings. arXiv:1706.02270], and extending the result to include non-selfadjoint interaction terms.