A new all-sky map of Galactic high-velocity clouds from the 21-cm HI4PI survey

TL;DR

This paper presents a high-resolution, all-sky map of Galactic high-velocity clouds derived from the HI4PI survey, revealing intricate structures and improving upon previous surveys in resolution and sensitivity.

Contribution

The study provides the first fully sampled, high-resolution all-sky HI map of HVCs, resolving complex structures and offering publicly available data for further research.

Findings

Resolved many HVC complexes into filaments and clumps

Sky coverage of HVCs is about 15%, reducing to 13% after excluding non-HVC emission

Column density distribution follows a truncated power law with exponent -0.93

Abstract

High-velocity clouds (HVCs) are neutral or ionised gas clouds in the vicinity of the Milky Way that are characterised by high radial velocities inconsistent with participation in the regular rotation of the Galactic disc. Previous attempts to create a homogeneous all-sky HI map of HVCs have been hampered by a combination of poor angular resolution, limited surface brightness sensitivity and suboptimal sampling. Here, a new and improved HI map of Galactic HVCs based on the all-sky HI4PI survey is presented. The new map is fully sampled and provides significantly better angular resolution (16.2 versus 36 arcmin) and column density sensitivity (2.3 versus 3.7 * 10^18 cm^-2 at the native resolution) than the previously available LAB survey. The new HVC map resolves many of the major HVC complexes in the sky into an intricate network of narrow HI filaments and clumps that were not previously resolved by the LAB survey. The resulting sky coverage fraction of high-velocity HI emission above a column density level of 2 * 10^18 cm^-2 is approximately 15 per cent, which reduces to about 13 per cent when the Magellanic Clouds and other non-HVC emission are removed. The differential sky coverage fraction as a function of column density obeys a truncated power law with an exponent of -0.93 and a turnover point at about 5 * 10^19 cm^-2. HI column density and velocity maps of the HVC sky are made publicly available as FITS images for scientific use by the community.