Bars and spirals in tidal interactions with an ensemble of galaxy mass models

TL;DR

This study uses simulations to explore how tidal interactions influence galaxy morphology, revealing diverse bar and spiral structures across different galaxy mass models and interaction strengths.

Contribution

The paper introduces a comprehensive simulation approach analyzing tidal effects on various galaxy mass models, highlighting the formation and evolution of bars and spirals.

Findings

Tidal interactions produce diverse spiral and bar structures.

Pattern speeds follow 2:1 resonance in certain rotation curves.

Bar formation is often accelerated by interactions.

Abstract

We present simulations of the gaseous and stellar material in several different galaxy mass models under the influence of different tidal fly-bys to assess the changes in their bar and spiral morphology. Five different mass models are chosen to represent the variety of rotation curves seen in nature. We find a multitude of different spiral and bar structures can be created, with their properties dependent on the strength of the interaction. We calculate pattern speeds, spiral wind-up rates, bar lengths, and angular momentum exchange to quantify the changes in disc morphology in each scenario. The wind-up rates of the tidal spirals follow the 2:1 resonance very closely for the flat and dark matter dominated rotation curves, whereas the more baryon dominated curves tend to wind-up faster, influenced by their inner bars. Clear spurs are seen in most of the tidal spirals, most noticeable in the flat rotation curve models. Bars formed both in isolation and interactions agree well with those seen in real galaxies, with a mixture of "fast" and "slow" rotators. We find no strong correlation between bar length or pattern speed and the interaction strength. Bar formation is, however, accelerated/induced in four out of five of our models. We close by briefly comparing the morphology of our models to real galaxies, easily finding analogues for nearly all simulations presenter here, showing passages of small companions can easily reproduce an ensemble of observed morphologies.