Scalable Generation of Multi-mode NOON States for Quantum Multiple-phase Estimation

TL;DR

This paper proposes four scalable methods for generating multi-mode NOON states with high photon numbers, enabling advanced quantum phase estimation with improved feasibility and efficiency.

Contribution

It introduces novel linear and nonlinear approaches for high-photon-number multi-mode NOON state generation, emphasizing experimental feasibility and efficiency.

Findings

The first method is most feasible experimentally due to fewer operations.

All methods can theoretically produce arbitrary photon number NOON states.

Comparative analysis shows the first method requires no high-N Fock states or high nonlinearity.

Abstract

Multi-mode NOON states have been attracting increasing attentions recently for their abilities of obtaining supersensitive and superresolved measurements for simultaneous multiple-phase estimation. In this paper, four different methods of generating multi-mode NOON states with high photon number are proposed. The first method is a linear optical approach that makes use of the Fock state filtration to reduce lower-order Fock state terms from the coherent state inputs, which are jointly combined to produce a multi-mode NOON state with the triggering of single-photon coincidence detections (SPCD) and appropriate postselection. The other three methods (two linear and one nonlinear) use N photon Fock states as the inputs and require SPCD triggering only. All of the four methods can theoretically create a multi-mode NOON state with arbitrary photon number. Comparisons among these four methods were made with respect to the feasibility and efficiency. The first method is experimentally most feasible since it takes considerably fewer photonic operations and, more importantly, requires neither the use of high-N Fock states nor high-degree of nonlinearity.