Revealing the cluster of slow transients behind a large slow slip event

TL;DR

This paper reveals that large slow slip events are actually clusters of short-duration transients, challenging the traditional view of slow, continuous rupture and impacting estimates of their duration and magnitude.

Contribution

It introduces a new perspective that large slow slip events are composed of multiple short transients, based on dense low-frequency earthquake data and geodetic observations.

Findings

Large slow slip events are clusters of short transients.

Current models overestimate duration and underestimate magnitude.

Surface displacement signatures are attenuated by rapid relocking.

Abstract

Capable of reaching similar magnitudes to large megathrust earthquakes ($M_w>7$), slow slip events play a major role in accommodating tectonic motion on plate boundaries. These slip transients are the slow release of built-up tectonic stress that are geodetically imaged as a predominantly aseismic rupture, which is smooth in both time and space. We demonstrate here that large slow slip events are in fact a cluster of short-duration slow transients. Using a dense catalog of low-frequency earthquakes as a guide, we investigate the $M_w7.5$ slow slip event that occurred in 2006 along the subduction interface 40~km beneath Guerrero, Mexico. We show that while the long-period surface displacement as recorded by GPS suggests a six month duration, motion in the direction of tectonic release only sporadically occurs over 55 days and its surface signature is attenuated by rapid relocking of the plate interface.These results demonstrate that our current conceptual model of slow and continuous rupture is an artifact of low-resolution geodetic observations of a superposition of small, clustered slip events. Our proposed description of slow slip as a cluster of slow transients implies that we systematically overestimate the duration $T$ and underestimate the moment magnitude $M$ of large slow slip events.