Task Replication for Deadline-Constrained Vehicular Cloud Computing: Optimal Policy, Performance Analysis and Implications on Road Traffic

TL;DR

This paper develops an optimal task replication policy for vehicular cloud computing to minimize deadline violations, analyzing its performance and implications of vehicle mobility on system reliability and traffic flow.

Contribution

It introduces a finite-horizon Markov decision model for task replication, proposes a simple yet optimal balanced-task-assignment policy, and links vehicle mobility to system performance.

Findings

The BETA policy is proven optimal and simple to implement.

Deadline violation probability approximately follows a Rayleigh distribution.

Higher vehicle speeds can improve VCC reliability beyond traffic flow optimization speeds.

Abstract

In vehicular cloud computing (VCC) systems, the computational resources of moving vehicles are exploited and managed by infrastructures, e.g., roadside units, to provide computational services. The offloading of computational tasks and collection of results rely on successful transmissions between vehicles and infrastructures during encounters. In this paper, we investigate how to provide timely computational services in VCC systems. In particular, we seek to minimize the deadline violation probability given a set of tasks to be executed in vehicular clouds. Due to the uncertainty of vehicle movements, the task replication methodology is leveraged which allows one task to be executed by several vehicles, and thus trading computational resources for delay reduction. The optimal task replication policy is of key interest. We first formulate the problem as a finite-horizon sampled-time Markov decision problem and obtain the optimal policy by value iterations. To conquer the complexity issue, we propose the balanced-task-assignment (BETA) policy which is proved optimal and has a clear structure: it always assigns the task with the minimum number of replicas. Moreover, a tight closed-form performance upper bound for the BETA policy is derived, which indicates that the deadline violation probability follows the Rayleigh distribution approximately. Applying the vehicle speed-density relationship in the traffic flow theory, we find that vehicle mobility benefits VCC systems more compared with road traffic systems, by showing that the optimum vehicle speed to minimize the deadline violation probability is larger than the critical vehicle speed in traffic theory which maximizes traffic flow efficiency.