Spin-lattice relaxation of individual solid-state spins

TL;DR

This paper develops a microscopic theoretical model for the spin-lattice relaxation of individual electronic spins, especially nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, accounting for temperature and magnetic field effects across a wide temperature range.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed quantum master equation approach for spin-boson systems, extending understanding of relaxation processes in solid-state spins at various temperatures.

Findings

Confirmed T^5 temperature dependence of relaxation rate at higher temperatures.

Aligned theoretical results with recent experimental data at low temperatures.

Analyzed temperature scaling for acoustic and localized phonons.

Abstract

Understanding the effect of vibrations on the relaxation process of individual spins is crucial for implementing nano systems for quantum information and quantum metrology applications. In this work, we present a theoretical microscopic model to describe the spin-lattice relaxation of individual electronic spins associated to negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, although our results can be extended to other spin-boson systems. Starting from a general spin-lattice interaction Hamiltonian, we provide a detailed description and solution of the quantum master equation of an electronic spin-one system coupled to a phononic bath in thermal equilibrium. Special attention is given to the dynamics of one-phonon processes below 1 K where our results agree with recent experimental findings and analytically describe the temperature and magnetic-field scaling. At higher temperatures, linear and second-order terms in the interaction Hamiltonian are considered and the temperature scaling is discussed for acoustic and quasi-localized phonons when appropriate. Our results, in addition to confirming a $T^5$ temperature dependence of the longitudinal relaxation rate at higher temperatures, in agreement with experimental observations, provide a theoretical background for modeling the spin-lattice relaxation at a wide range of temperatures where different temperature scalings might be expected.