Astrophysical Black Holes: A Compact Pedagogical Review

TL;DR

This paper provides a concise overview of astrophysical black holes, covering their fundamental properties, observational techniques, and significance for testing physics, aimed at students and researchers new to the field.

Contribution

It offers a compact pedagogical review summarizing key aspects of black holes, including properties, observations, and methods to study their strong gravity regions.

Findings

Summary of black hole properties from general relativity

Overview of astronomical observation techniques

Discussion of black holes as laboratories for fundamental physics

Abstract

Black holes are among the most extreme objects that can be found in the Universe and an ideal laboratory for testing fundamental physics. This article will briefly review the basic properties of black holes as expected from general relativity, the main astronomical observations, and the leading astrophysical techniques to probe the strong gravity region of these objects. It is mainly intended to provide a compact introductory overview on astrophysical black holes to new students entering this research field, as well as to senior researchers working in general relativity and alternative theories of gravity and wishing to quickly learn the state of the art of astronomical observations of black holes.