Empirical Estimate of the Shape of the Upstream Heliopause from IBEX-Lo Helium Measurements: Preliminary Results

TL;DR

This study uses IBEX-Lo helium measurements and simplified plasma flow models to estimate the large-scale shape of the heliopause, revealing it is blunt near the nose and elongated along the interstellar magnetic field.

Contribution

It introduces a simplified analytical model to interpret IBEX-Lo helium data, providing new insights into the heliopause's shape and its asymmetry.

Findings

Heliopause is very blunt near the nose.

Heliopause is elongated along the interstellar magnetic field.

Heliopause is more compact transverse to the magnetic field.

Abstract

We present a simplified model of the outer heliosheath to help interpret the observations of interstellar neutral helium by the IBEX-Lo instruments. We assume that the measured particles are composed of the superposition of a primary beam population, with the properties of the local interstellar medium, and a secondary population, created by charge exchange between the primary beam neutrals and the ions that have been deflected as they approach the heliopause. We extract information on the large-scale shape of the heliopause by comparing the helium flux measured at IBEX along four different look directions with simple models of deflected plasma flow around hypothetical obstacles of different aspect ratios to the flow. As a first step in this paper, we model the deflected plasma flow with the analytical solutions for compressible gas flow around a series of oblate ellipsoidal obstacles. Our comparisons between the model results and the observations indicate that the heliopause is very blunt in the vicinity of the heliospheric nose, especially compared to a Rankine half-body or cometary shape. The upstream heliopause seems to be highly elongated in the directions parallel to the interstellar magnetic field, and relatively more compact and symmetric in the directions transverse to that field. The IBEX-Lo helium observations are not consistent with a heliopause elongated in directions parallel to the solar rotation axis.