Existence Result for Non-linearly Perturbed Hardy-Schr\"odinger Problems: Local and Non-local cases

TL;DR

This paper establishes conditions for the existence of positive solutions to a perturbed Hardy-Schrödinger problem involving fractional operators, highlighting the role of domain geometry and nonlinear perturbations.

Contribution

It introduces a threshold parameter for solution existence, linking the problem's parameters with domain geometry and nonlinear perturbations in a novel way.

Findings

Existence of solutions depends on a critical parameter rit(lpha)

Solutions exist when (lpha)  rit(lpha)

The problem's solvability is influenced by domain geometry and nonlinearity size.

Abstract

Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a smooth bounded domain having zero in its interior $0 \in \Omega.$ We fix $0 < \alpha \le 2$ and $0 \le s <\alpha.$ We investigate a sufficient condition for the existence of a positive solution for the following perturbed problem associated with the Hardy-Schr\"odinger operator $ L_{\gamma,\alpha,}: = ({-}{ \Delta})^{\frac{\alpha}{2}}- \frac{\gamma}{|x|^{\alpha}}$ on $\Omega:$ \begin{equation*} \left\{\begin{array}{rl} \displaystyle ({-}{ \Delta})^{\frac{\alpha}{2}}u- \gamma \frac{u}{|x|^{\alpha}} - \lambda u= {\frac{u^{2_{\alpha}^*(s)-1}}{|x|^s}}+ h(x) u^{q-1} & \text{in } {\Omega}\\ u=0 \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, & \text{in } \mathbb{R}^n \setminus \Omega, \end{array}\right. \end{equation*} where ${2_{\alpha}^*(s)}:=\frac{2(n-s)}{n-{\alpha}},$ $\lambda \in \mathbb{R} $, $h \in C^0(\overline{\Omega}),$ $h \ge 0,$ $q \in (2, 2^*_\alpha)$ with $2^*_\alpha:=2^*_\alpha(0),$ and $\gamma < \gamma_H(\alpha),$ the latter being the best constant in the Hardy inequality on $\mathbb{R}^n.$ We prove that there exists a threshold $ \gamma_{crit}(\alpha)$ in $( - \infty, \gamma_H(\alpha)) $ such that the existence of solutions of the above problem is guaranteed by the non-linear perturbation $(i.e., h(x) u^{q-1})$ whenever $ \gamma \le \gamma_{crit}(\alpha),$ while for $\gamma_{crit}(\alpha)<\gamma <\gamma_H(\alpha)$, it is determined by a subtle combination of the geometry of the domain and the size of the nonlinearity of the perturbations.