Broadband study of blazar 1ES 1959+650 during flaring state in 2016

TL;DR

This study analyzes the broadband emission of blazar 1ES 1959+650 during a 2016 flare using multiwavelength data, revealing evidence for two distinct emission zones in the jet through spectral modeling.

Contribution

It demonstrates that a two-zone SSC model better explains the broadband SEDs during the flare than a single-zone model, highlighting complex jet emission regions.

Findings

Strong correlation between X-ray and gamma-ray fluxes.

Spectral hardening observed with increasing flux.

Two emission zones are needed to fit the broadband SEDs.

Abstract

Aim : The nearby TeV blazar 1ES 1959+650 (z=0.047) was reported to be in flaring state during June - July 2016 by Fermi-LAT, FACT, MAGIC and VERITAS collaborations. We studied the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) in different states of the flare during MJD 57530 - 57589 using simultaneous multiwaveband data to understand the possible broadband emission scenario during the flare. Methods : The UV/optical and X-ray data from UVOT and XRT respectively on board Swift and high energy $\gamma$-ray data from Fermi-LAT are used to generate multiwaveband lightcurves as well as to obtain high flux states and quiescent state SEDs. The correlation and lag between different energy bands is quantified using discrete correlation function. The synchrotron self Compton (SSC) model was used to reproduce the observed SEDs during flaring and quiescent states of the source. Results : A decent correlation is seen between X-ray and high energy $\gamma$-ray fluxes. The spectral hardening with increase in the flux is seen in X-ray band. The powerlaw index vs flux plot in $\gamma$-ray band indicates the different emission regions for 0.1 - 3 GeV and 3-300 GeV energy photons. Two zone SSC model satisfactorily fits the observed broadband SEDs. The inner zone is mainly responsible for producing synchrotron peak and high energy $\gamma$-ray part of the SED in all states. The second zone is mainly required to produce less variable optical/UV and low energy $\gamma$-ray emission. Conclusions : Conventional single zone SSC model does not satisfactorily explain broadband emission during observation period considered. There is an indication of two emission zones in the jet which are responsible for producing broadband emission from optical to high energy $\gamma$-rays.