A compact superconducting nanowire memory element operated by nanowire cryotrons

TL;DR

This paper introduces a dense, scalable superconducting nanowire memory (nMem) operated by nanowire cryotrons, demonstrating a compact, energy-efficient alternative to traditional Josephson junction-based memories with promising performance metrics.

Contribution

The work presents a novel superconducting memory device based solely on lithographic nanowires, enabling high-density integration and operation without Josephson junctions.

Findings

Memory cell size of 3 μm × 7 μm demonstrated.

Characterized bit error rate, speed, and power dissipation.

High kinetic inductance allows scaling without performance loss.

Abstract

A superconducting loop stores persistent current without any ohmic loss, making it an ideal platform for energy efficient memories. Conventional superconducting memories use an architecture based on Josephson junctions (JJs) and have demonstrated access times less than 10 ps and power dissipation as low as $10^{-19}$ J. However, their scalability has been slow to develop due to the challenges in reducing the dimensions of JJs and minimizing the area of the superconducting loops. In addition to the memory itself, complex readout circuits require additional JJs and inductors for coupling signals, increasing the overall area. Here, we have demonstrated a superconducting memory based solely on lithographic nanowires. The small dimensions of the nanowire ensure that the device can be fabricated in a dense area in multiple layers, while the high kinetic inductance makes the loop essentially independent of geometric inductance, allowing it to be scaled down without sacrificing performance. The memory is operated by a group of nanowire cryotrons patterned alongside the storage loop, enabling us to reduce the entire memory cell to 3 {\mu}m $\times $ 7 {\mu}m in our proof-of-concept device. In this work we present the operation principles of a superconducting nanowire memory (nMem) and characterize its bit error rate, speed, and power dissipation.