Stabilization of the Peregrine soliton and Kuznetsov-Ma breathers by means of nonlinearity and dispersion management

TL;DR

This paper explores how dispersion and nonlinearity management techniques can stabilize Peregrine solitons and Kuznetsov-Ma breathers in nonlinear Schrödinger equations, enabling controlled rogue wave formation and dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces novel management schemes that stabilize rogue wave solutions, including the Peregrine soliton and Kuznetsov-Ma breathers, through tailored dispersion and nonlinearity control.

Findings

Management schemes stabilize rogue waves against modulational instability.

Additional excitations like dispersive shock waves are generated.

KMBs can be confined and stabilized using nonlinearity management.

Abstract

We demonstrate a possibility to make rogue waves (RWs) in the form of the Peregrine soliton (PS) and Kuznetsov-Ma breathers (KMBs) effectively stable objects, with the help of properly defined dispersion or nonlinearity management applied to the continuous-wave (CW) background supporting the RWs. In particular, it is found that either management scheme, if applied along the longitudinal coordinate, making the underlying nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLSE) selfdefocusing in the course of disappearance of the PS, indeed stabilizes the global solution with respect to the modulational instability of the background. In the process, additional excitations are generated, namely, dispersive shock waves and, in some cases, also a pair of slowly separating dark solitons. Further, the nonlinearity-management format, which makes the NLSE defocusing outside of a finite domain in the transverse direction, enables the stabilization of the KMBs, in the form of confined oscillating states. On the other hand, a nonlinearity-management format applied periodically along the propagation direction, creates expanding patterns featuring multiplication of KMBs through their cascading fission.