A multiobjective deep learning approach for predictive classification in Neuroblastoma

TL;DR

This paper introduces a multiobjective deep learning model called CDRP for predicting diagnostic and prognostic outcomes in neuroblastoma using transcriptomics data, achieving state-of-the-art results.

Contribution

The novel CDRP architecture simultaneously predicts diagnosis and prognosis, integrating high-risk information via autoencoder embedding for improved accuracy.

Findings

State-of-the-art diagnostic prediction accuracy.

Enhanced prognosis prediction over high-risk cohort.

Effective integration of molecular and clinical data.

Abstract

Neuroblastoma is a strongly heterogeneous cancer with very diverse clinical courses that may vary from spontaneous regression to fatal progression; an accurate patient's risk estimation at diagnosis is essential to design appropriate tumor treatment strategies. Neuroblastoma is a paradigm disease where different diagnostic and prognostic endpoints should be predicted from common molecular and clinical information, with increasing complexity, as shown in the FDA MAQC-II study. Here we introduce the novel multiobjective deep learning architecture CDRP (Concatenated Diagnostic Relapse Prognostic) composed by 8 layers to obtain a combined diagnostic and prognostic prediction from high-throughput transcriptomics data. Two distinct loss functions are optimized for the Event Free Survival (EFS) and Overall Survival (OS) prognosis, respectively. We use the High-Risk (HR) diagnostic information as an additional input generated by an autoencoder embedding. The latter is used as network regulariser, based on a clinical algorithm commonly adopted for stratifying patients from cancer stage, age at insurgence of disease, and MYCN, the specific molecular marker. The architecture was applied to Illumina HiSeq2000 RNA-Seq for 498 neuroblastoma patients (176 at high risk) from the Sequencing Quality Control (SEQC) study, obtaining state-of-art on the diagnostic endpoint and improving prediction of prognosis over the HR cohort.