Properties of scattering forms and their relation to associahedra

TL;DR

This paper introduces scattering forms derived from CHY half-integrands on the moduli space of Riemann spheres, revealing their singularity structure and factorization properties, with applications to various field theories.

Contribution

It generalizes the CHY polarisation factor to off-shell momenta and unphysical polarisations, and connects scattering forms to the geometry of associahedra.

Findings

Singularities are on the boundary divisor of moduli space.

Residues factorize into lower-point forms.

Applicable to bi-adjoint scalar, Yang-Mills, and gravity amplitudes.

Abstract

We show that the half-integrands in the CHY representation of tree amplitudes give rise to the definition of differential forms -- the scattering forms -- on the moduli space of a Riemann sphere with $n$ marked points. These differential forms have some remarkable properties. We show that all singularities are on the divisor $\overline{\mathcal M}_{0,n} \backslash {\mathcal M}_{0,n}$. Each singularity is logarithmic and the residue factorises into two differential forms of lower points. In order for this to work, we provide a threefold generalisation of the CHY polarisation factor (also known as reduced Pfaffian) towards off-shell momenta, unphysical polarisations and away from the solutions of the scattering equations. We discuss explicitly the cases of bi-adjoint scalar amplitudes, Yang-Mills amplitudes and gravity amplitudes.