Continuum of quantum fluctuations in a three-dimensional $S\!=\!1$ Heisenberg magnet

TL;DR

This paper provides evidence that the three-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet NaCaNi$_2$F$_7$ exhibits quantum spin liquid features, including a continuum of magnetic excitations and absence of magnetic order, driven by frustration and quantum fluctuations.

Contribution

It demonstrates that NaCaNi$_2$F$_7$ is an almost ideal realization of the spin-1 Heisenberg model on a pyrochlore lattice showing quantum spin liquid behavior.

Findings

Absence of magnetic Bragg diffraction.

90% spectral weight in a magnetic continuum.

Presence of low energy pinch points indicating a Coulomb phase.

Abstract

Conventional crystalline magnets are characterized by symmetry breaking and normal modes of excitation called magnons with quantized angular momentum $\hbar$. Neutron scattering correspondingly features extra magnetic Bragg diffraction at low temperatures and dispersive inelastic scattering associated with single magnon creation and annihilation. Exceptions are anticipated in so-called quantum spin liquids as exemplified by the one-dimensional spin-1/2 chain which has no magnetic order and where magnons accordingly fractionalize into spinons with angular momentum $\hbar/2$. This is spectacularly revealed by a continuum of inelastic neutron scattering associated with two-spinon processes and the absence of magnetic Bragg diffraction. Here, we report evidence for these same key features of a quantum spin liquid in the three-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet NaCaNi$_2$F$_7$. Through specific heat and neutron scattering measurements, Monte Carlo simulations, and analytic approximations to the equal time correlations, we show that NaCaNi$_2$F$_7$ is an almost ideal realization of the spin-1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on a pyrochlore lattice with weak connectivity and frustrated interactions. Magnetic Bragg diffraction is absent and 90\% of the spectral weight forms a continuum of magnetic scattering not dissimilar to that of the spin-1/2 chain but with low energy pinch points indicating NaCaNi$_2$F$_7$ is in a Coulomb phase. The residual entropy and diffuse elastic scattering points to an exotic state of matter driven by frustration, quantum fluctuations and weak exchange disorder.