An Approximating Control Design for Optimal Mixing by Stokes Flows

TL;DR

This paper develops an approximating control method for optimal mixing in unsteady Stokes flows, introducing a small diffusivity to simplify the optimality system and analyzing convergence to the original problem.

Contribution

It proposes a new approximating control approach with a more transparent optimality system by adding small diffusivity and proves convergence to the original problem.

Findings

Convergence of the approximating control problem to the original as diffusivity approaches zero.

Unique optimal solution established in two dimensions.

Simplified optimality system for boundary control in mixing problems.

Abstract

We consider an approximating control design for optimal mixing of a non-dissipative scalar field $\theta$ in unsteady Stokes flows. The objective of our approach is to achieve optimal mixing at a given final time $T>0$, via the active control of the flow velocity $v$ through boundary inputs. Due to the zero diffusivity of the scalar field $\theta$, establishing the well-posedness of its G\^{a}teaux derivative requires $\sup_{t\in[0,T]}\|\nabla \theta\|_{L^2}<\infty$, which in turn demands the flow velocity field to satisfy the condition $ \int^{T}_{0}\|\nabla v\|_{L^{\infty}(\Omega)}\, dt<\infty$. This condition results in the need to penalize the time derivative of the boundary control in the cost functional. As a result, the optimality system becomes difficult to solve \cite{hu2017boundary}. Our current approximating approach will provide a more transparent optimality system, with the set of admissible controls being $L^{2}$ in both time and space. This is achieved by first introducing a small diffusivity to the scalar equation and then establishing a rigorous analysis of convergence of the approximating control problem to the original one as the diffusivity approaches to zero. Uniqueness of the optimal solution is obtained for the two dimensional case.