Generalized surface tension bounds in vacuum decay

TL;DR

This paper extends the understanding of vacuum decay bounds by defining a generalized surface tension and deriving a universal bound applicable to all bounce solutions, including novel thin-wall regimes.

Contribution

It introduces a new definition of surface tension and establishes a unified bound that encompasses previous thin-wall results and applies broadly to Minkowski and AdS vacua.

Findings

A new surface tension definition obeys a similar bound to CDL.

A universal bound unifies different thin-wall regimes.

Critical parameter limits lead to static domain walls.

Abstract

Coleman and De Luccia (CDL) showed that gravitational effects can prevent the decay by bubble nucleation of a Minkowski or AdS false vacuum. In their thin-wall approximation this happens whenever the surface tension in the bubble wall exceeds an upper bound proportional to the difference of the square roots of the true and false vacuum energy densities. Recently it was shown that there is another type of thin-wall regime that differs from that of CDL in that the radius of curvature grows substantially as one moves through the wall. Not only does the CDL derivation of the bound fail in this case, but also its very formulation becomes ambiguous because the surface tension is not well-defined. We propose a definition of the surface tension and show that it obeys a bound similar in form to that of the CDL case. We then show that both thin-wall bounds are special cases of a more general bound that is satisfied for all bounce solutions with Minkowski or AdS false vacua. We discuss the limit where the parameters of the theory attain critical values and the bound is saturated. The bounce solution then disappears and a static planar domain wall solution appears in its stead. The scalar field potential then is of the form expected in supergravity, but this is only guaranteed along the trajectory in field space traced out by the bounce.