Quasi-PDFs and pseudo-PDFs

TL;DR

This paper analyzes quasi-PDFs and pseudo-PDFs, proposing a new coordinate-space method to extract parton distribution functions from lattice QCD, addressing nonperturbative effects and evolution patterns.

Contribution

It introduces a novel coordinate-space approach using reduced Ioffe functions to better extract PDFs from lattice data, accounting for nonperturbative and evolution effects.

Findings

Quasi-PDFs are hybrids of PDFs and rest-frame distributions.

Large probing momenta ($p_3 \,\gtrsim\ 3$ GeV) are needed for accurate PDF approximation.

The proposed coordinate-space method effectively isolates rest-frame effects.

Abstract

We discuss the physical nature of quasi-PDFs, especially the reasons for the strong nonperturbative evolution pattern which they reveal in actual lattice gauge calculations. We argue that quasi-PDFs may be treated as hybrids of PDFs and the rest-frame momentum distributions of partons. The latter is also responsible for the transverse momentum dependence of TMDs. The resulting convolution structure of quasi-PDFs necessitates using large probing momenta $p_3 \gtrsim 3$ GeV to get reasonably close to the PDF limit. To deconvolute the rest-frame distribution effects, we propose to use a method based directly on the coordinate representation. We treat matrix elements $M(z_3,p_3)$ as distributions ${\cal M} (\nu, z_3^2)$ depending on the Ioffe-time $\nu = p_3 z_3$ and the distance parameter $z_3^2$. The rest-frame spatial distribution is given by ${\cal M} (0, z_3^2)$. Using the reduced Ioffe function ${\mathfrak M} (\nu, z_3^2) \equiv {\cal M} (\nu, z_3^2)/ {\cal M} (0, z_3^2)$ we divide out the rest frame effects,including the notorious link renormalization factors. The $\nu$-dependence remains intact and determines the shape of PDFs in the small $z_3$ region. The residual $z_3^2$ dependence of the ${\mathfrak M} (\nu, z_3^2)$ is governed by perturbative evolution. The Fourier transform of ${\cal M} (\nu, z_3^2)$ produces pseudo-PDFs ${\cal P}(x, z_3^2)$ that generalize the light-front PDFs onto spacelike intervals. On the basis of these findings we propose a new method for extraction of PDFs from lattice calculations.