Single and multiple recurrence along non-polynomial sequences

TL;DR

This paper proves new recurrence results for a broad class of non-polynomial functions, showing that certain return sets in measure-preserving systems are large, specifically thick, which was previously unknown for such functions.

Contribution

It establishes the first recurrence and multiple recurrence results for non-polynomial functions with specific growth properties, expanding the scope of ergodic theory.

Findings

Return sets are thick, containing arbitrarily long intervals.

Recurrence holds for a large family of non-polynomial functions.

Results extend classical polynomial recurrence to non-polynomial cases.

Abstract

We establish new recurrence and multiple recurrence results for a rather large family $\mathcal{F}$ of non-polynomial functions which includes tempered functions defined in [11], as well as functions from a Hardy field with the property that for some $\ell\in \mathbb{N}\cup\{0\}$, $\lim_{x\to\infty }f^{(\ell)}(x)=\pm\infty$ and $\lim_{x\to\infty }f^{(\ell+1)}(x)=0$. Among other things, we show that for any $f\in\mathcal{F}$, any invertible probability measure preserving system $(X,\mathcal{B},\mu,T)$, any $A\in\mathcal{B}$ with $\mu(A)>0$, and any $\epsilon>0$, the sets of returns $$ R_{\epsilon, A}= \big\{n\in\mathbb{N}:\mu(A\cap T^{-\lfloor f(n)\rfloor}A)>\mu^2(A)-\epsilon\big\} $$ and $$ R^{(k)}_{A}= \big\{ n\in\mathbb{N}: \mu\big(A\cap T^{\lfloor f(n)\rfloor}A\cap T^{\lfloor f(n+1)\rfloor}A\cap\cdots\cap T^{\lfloor f(n+k)\rfloor}A\big)>0\big\} $$ possess somewhat unexpected properties of largeness; in particular, they are thick, i.e., contain arbitrarily long intervals.