(2+1)-dimensional interface dynamics: mixing time, hydrodynamic limit and Anisotropic KPZ growth

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent mathematical results on (2+1)-dimensional stochastic interface dynamics, focusing on hydrodynamic limits, fluctuation processes, and the conjectured universality classes of KPZ and Anisotropic KPZ growth.

Contribution

It summarizes recent advances in understanding (2+1)-dimensional interface models, especially regarding the relation between growth velocity Hessian and universality classes.

Findings

Support for Wolf's conjecture on universality classes.

Analysis of hydrodynamic limits for discrete interface models.

Identification of open problems in (2+1)-dimensional growth dynamics.

Abstract

Stochastic interface dynamics serve as mathematical models for diverse time-dependent physical phenomena: the evolution of boundaries between thermodynamic phases, crystal growth, random deposition... Interesting limits arise at large space-time scales: after suitable rescaling, the randomly evolving interface converges to the solution of a deterministic PDE (hydrodynamic limit) and the fluctuation process to a (in general non-Gaussian) limit process. In contrast with the case of $(1+1)$-dimensional models, there are very few mathematical results in dimension $(d+1), d\ge2$. As far as growth models are concerned, the $(2+1)$-dimensional case is particularly interesting: D. Wolf conjectured the existence of two different universality classes (called KPZ and Anisotropic KPZ), with different scaling exponents. Here, we review recent mathematical results on (both reversible and irreversible) dynamics of some $(2+1)$-dimensional discrete interfaces, mostly defined through a mapping to two-dimensional dimer models. In particular, in the irreversible case, we discuss mathematical support and remaining open problems concerning Wolf's conjecture on the relation between the Hessian of the growth velocity on one side, and the universality class of the model on the other.