Restricted power domination and zero forcing problems

TL;DR

This paper investigates the problem of finding minimal power dominating and zero forcing sets containing a specific vertex set in graphs, providing bounds, algorithms, and applications to power network monitoring.

Contribution

It introduces the concepts of restricted power domination and zero forcing numbers, deriving bounds, and developing algorithms including integer programming and linear time solutions for special graph classes.

Findings

Derived tight bounds on restricted power domination and zero forcing numbers.

Presented integer programming formulations for general graphs.

Developed a linear time algorithm for graphs with bounded treewidth.

Abstract

Power domination in graphs arises from the problem of monitoring an electric power system by placing as few measurement devices in the system as possible. A power dominating set of a graph is a set of vertices that observes every vertex in the graph, following a set of rules for power system monitoring. A practical problem of interest is to determine the minimum number of additional measurement devices needed to monitor a power network when the network is expanded and the existing devices remain in place. In this paper, we study the problem of finding the smallest power dominating set that contains a given set of vertices X. We also study the related problem of finding the smallest zero forcing set that contains a given set of vertices X. The sizes of such sets in a graph G are respectively called the restricted power domination number and restricted zero forcing number of G subject to X. We derive several tight bounds on the restricted power domination and zero forcing numbers of graphs, and relate them to other graph parameters. We also present exact and algorithmic results for computing the restricted power domination number, including integer programs for general graphs and a linear time algorithm for graphs with bounded treewidth. We also use restricted power domination to obtain a parallel algorithm for finding minimum power dominating sets in trees.