Dynamics of Entanglement and the Schmidt Gap in a Driven Light-Matter System

TL;DR

This paper investigates how pulsed light-matter coupling affects quantum entanglement and correlations in the Dicke model, revealing phase transitions and persistent entanglement even after decoupling.

Contribution

It introduces a dynamical analysis of entanglement and the Schmidt gap under time-dependent coupling in the Dicke model, highlighting new quantum correlation behaviors.

Findings

Superradiant phase emerges during crossing of the quantum critical point.

Light and matter remain entangled after the pulse ends despite decoupling.

Entanglement persists in non-interacting states post-pulse.

Abstract

The ability to modify light-matter coupling in time (e.g. using external pulses) opens up the exciting possibility of generating and probing new aspects of quantum correlations in many-body light-matter systems. Here we study the impact of such a pulsed coupling on the light-matter entanglement in the Dicke model as well as the respective subsystem quantum dynamics. Our dynamical many-body analysis exploits the natural partition between the radiation and matter degrees of freedom, allowing us to explore time-dependent intra-subsystem quantum correlations by means of squeezing parameters, and the inter-subsystem Schmidt gap for different pulse duration (i.e. ramping velocity) regimes -- from the near adiabatic to the sudden quench limits. Our results reveal that both types of quantities indicate the emergence of the superradiant phase when crossing the quantum critical point. In addition, at the end of the pulse light and matter remain entangled even though they become uncoupled, which could be exploited to generate entangled states in non-interacting systems.