Quasi-independence for nodal lines

TL;DR

This paper establishes a quasi-independence result for level sets of planar Gaussian fields, enabling improved percolation thresholds for nodal lines and providing new concentration results for nodal component densities.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach to quasi-independence that reduces the decay exponent needed for percolation results without relying on discretization.

Findings

Lowered decay exponent for percolation from 16+ε to 4+ε

Proved quasi-independence without discretization

Obtained concentration results for nodal component density

Abstract

We prove a quasi-independence result for level sets of a planar centered stationary Gaussian field with covariance $(x,y)\mapsto\kappa(x-y)$. As a first application, we study percolation for nodal lines in the spirit of [BG16]. In the said article, Beffara and Gayet rely on Tassion's method ([Tas16]) to prove that, under some assumptions on $\kappa$, most notably that $\kappa \geq 0$ and $\kappa(x)=O(|x|^{-325})$, the nodal set satisfies a box-crossing property. The decay exponent was then lowered to $16+\varepsilon$ by Beliaev and Muirhead in [BM17]. In the present work we lower this exponent to $4+\varepsilon$ thanks to a new approach towards quasi-independence for crossing events. This approach does not rely on quantitative discretization. Our quasi-independence result also applies to events counting nodal components and we obtain a lower concentration result for the density of nodal components around the Nazarov and Sodin constant from [NS15].