Multipolar polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities in the Sr optical lattice clock

TL;DR

This paper develops a new computational approach to accurately calculate multipolar polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities in strontium optical lattice clocks, addressing key Stark shift issues for improved clock precision.

Contribution

It introduces an effective method for calculating hyperpolarizabilities via inhomogeneous equations, applied specifically to Sr clock states, enhancing the understanding of Stark shifts.

Findings

Calculated hyperpolarizabilities for Sr clock states.

Determined multipolar polarizabilities at the magic frequency.

Provided insights for reducing Stark shift uncertainties.

Abstract

We address the problem of the lattice Stark shifts in the Sr clock caused by the multipolar $M1$ and $E2$ atom-field interactions and by the term nonlinear in lattice intensity and determined by the hyperpolarizability. We have developed an approach to calculate hyperpolarizabilities for atoms and ions based on a solution of the inhomogeneous equation which allows to effectively and accurately carry out complete summations over intermediate states. We applied our method to the calculation of the hyperpolarizabilities for the clock states in Sr. We also carried out an accurate calculation of the multipolar polarizabilities for these states at the magic frequency. Understanding these Stark shifts in optical lattice clocks is crucial for further improvement of the clock accuracy.