Generalized classes of continuous symmetries in two-mode Dicke models

TL;DR

This paper explores how continuous symmetries can be engineered and broken in two-mode Dicke models with cavity-atom couplings, extending the understanding of steady and dynamic states in such systems.

Contribution

It introduces a broader parameter regime for symmetry breaking in two-mode Dicke models with atomic internal states coupled to cavities.

Findings

Extended parameter range for symmetry breaking.

Classification of steady and time-dependent states.

Identification of conditions for continuous symmetry breaking.

Abstract

As recently realized experimentally [L\'eonard et al., Nature 543, 87 (2017)], one can engineer models with continuous symmetries by coupling two cavity modes to trapped atoms, via a Raman pumping geometry. Considering specifically cases where internal states of the atoms couple to the cavity, we show an extended range of parameters for which continuous symmetry breaking can occur, and we classify the distinct steady states and time-dependent states that arise for different points in this extended parameter regime.