Harnessing the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability: Feedback Stabilization of an Inviscid Vortex Sheet

TL;DR

This paper explores feedback control methods to stabilize shear layers modeled by inviscid vortex sheets, demonstrating controllability and effective stabilization using multiple actuators through analytical and numerical techniques.

Contribution

It introduces a controllability analysis and a state-based LQR stabilization strategy for vortex sheet models, overcoming numerical challenges with high-precision computations.

Findings

Linearized system is controllable with enough actuators.

Exponential decay of perturbations achieved in linear closed-loop.

Nonlinear system can be stabilized from large initial perturbations.

Abstract

In this investigation we use a simple model of the dynamics of an inviscid vortex sheet given by the Birkhoff-Rott equation to obtain fundamental insights about the potential for stabilization of shear layers using feedback control. As actuation we consider two arrays of point sinks/sources located a certain distance above and below the vortex sheet and subject to the constraint that their mass fluxes separately add up to zero. First, we demonstrate using analytical computations that the Birkhoff-Rott equation linearized around the flat-sheet configuration is in fact controllable when the number of actuator pairs is sufficiently large relative to the number of discrete degrees of freedom present in the system, a result valid for generic actuator locations. Next we design a state-based LQR stabilization strategy where the key difficulty is the numerical solution of the Riccati equation in the presence of severe ill-conditioning resulting from the properties of the Birkhoff-Rott equation and the chosen form of actuation, an issue which is overcome by performing computations with a suitably increased arithmetic precision. Analysis of the linear closed-loop system reveals exponential decay of the perturbation energy and of the corresponding actuation energy in all cases. Computations performed for the nonlinear closed-loop system demonstrate that initial perturbations of nonnegligible amplitude can be effectively stabilized when a sufficient number of actuators is used. We also thoroughly analyze the sensitivity of the closed-loop stabilization strategies to the variation of a number of key parameters. Subject to the known limitations of inviscid vortex models, our findings indicate that, in principle, it may be possible to stabilize shear layers for relatively large initial perturbations, provided the actuation has sufficiently many degrees of freedom.