Radiation as a Constraint for Life in the Universe

TL;DR

This paper reviews astrophysical radiation sources and their effects on life, emphasizing ionizing radiation and UV light, to understand how radiation constrains habitability in the universe.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of astrophysical radiation sources and their biological impacts, highlighting how radiation influences the potential for life beyond Earth.

Findings

Supernovae and gamma-ray bursts produce significant radiation events.

Radiation can both harm and potentially promote life in different contexts.

Habitability is strongly affected by astrophysical radiation environments.

Abstract

In this chapter, we present an overview of sources of biologically relevant astrophysical radiation and effects of that radiation on organisms and their habitats. We consider both electromagnetic and particle radiation, with an emphasis on ionizing radiation and ultraviolet light, all of which can impact organisms directly as well as indirectly through modifications of their habitats. We review what is known about specific sources, such as supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, and stellar activity, including the radiation produced and likely rates of significant events. We discuss both negative and potential positive impacts on individual organisms and their environments and how radiation in a broad context affects habitability.