Synthesis of sodium cobaltate Na$_{x}$CoO$_{2}$ single crystals with controlled Na ordering

TL;DR

This paper reports the synthesis of high-quality Na$_{x}$CoO$_{2}$ single crystals with controlled sodium ordering, enabling detailed studies of their magnetic and electronic properties.

Contribution

It introduces a method to synthesize and control Na ordering in Na$_{x}$CoO$_{2}$ single crystals, improving sample quality and reproducibility.

Findings

High-quality Na$_{x}$CoO$_{2}$ single crystals were synthesized.

Controlled Na de-intercalation achieved stable ordered phases.

Samples showed lower residual resistivity and sharper magnetic transitions.

Abstract

In this study, we synthesized single crystals of Na$_{x}$CoO$_{2}$ with $x\sim0.8$ using the optical floating zone technique. A thorough electrochemical treatment of the samples permitted us to control the de-intercalation of Na to obtain single crystal samples of stable Na ordered phases with $x=0.5-0.8$. Comparisons of the bulk magnetic properties with those observed in the Na ordered powder samples confirmed the high quality of these single crystal phases. The ab plane resistivity was measured for the Na ordered samples and it was quite reproducible for different sample batches. The data were analogous to those found in previous initial experimental studies on single crystals, but the lower residual resistivity and sharper anti-ferromagnetic transitions determined for our samples confirmed their higher quality.