Black hole and cosmos with multiple horizons and multiple singularities in vector-tensor theories

TL;DR

This paper constructs new static, spherically symmetric black hole and cosmos solutions with multiple horizons and singularities in vector-tensor theories, expanding the known configurations and suggesting potential observational tests via gravitational waves.

Contribution

It introduces novel black hole and cosmos solutions with multiple horizons and singularities within vector-tensor theories, including solutions with firewalls.

Findings

Solutions with N horizons and M singularities are constructed.

Deviations from standard black holes can be tested by gravitational wave measurements.

Black hole solutions with firewalls are also presented.

Abstract

A stationary and spherically symmetric black hole (For example, Reissner-Nordstrom black hole or Kerr-Newman black hole) has at most one singularity and two horizons. One horizon is the outer event horizon and the other is the inner Cauchy horizon. Can we construct static and spherically symmetric black hole solutions with N horizons and M singularities? De Sitter cosmos has only one apparent horizon. Can we construct cosmos solutions with N horizons? In this article, we present the static and spherically symmetric black hole and cosmos solutions with N horizons and M singularities in the vector-tensor theories. Following these motivations, we also construct the black hole solutions with a firewall. The deviation of these black hole solutions from the usual ones can be potentially tested by future measurements of gravitational waves.