Observation of a Large-scale Quasi-circular Secondary Ribbon associated with Successive Flares and a Halo CME

TL;DR

This study reports the observation of a large-scale quasi-circular secondary flare ribbon associated with successive flares and a halo CME, revealing insights into magnetic reconnection and field topology in the solar corona.

Contribution

It presents the first detailed analysis of a large-scale secondary ribbon linked to successive flares and a CME, emphasizing the role of large-scale magnetic field interactions.

Findings

The secondary ribbon is consistent with a fan-shaped magnetic structure.

The second flare occurred when expanding loops encountered decayed magnetic fields.

Post-flare development included ribbon formation and dimming regions.

Abstract

Solar flare ribbons provide an important clue to the magnetic reconnection process and associated magnetic field topology in the solar corona. We detected a large-scale secondary flare ribbon of a circular shape that developed in association with two successive M-class flares and one CME. The ribbon revealed interesting properties such as 1) a quasi-circular shape and enclosing the central active region; 2) the size as large as 500\arcsec\, by 650\arcsec\,, 3) successive brightenings in the clockwise direction at a speed of \kms{160} starting from the nearest position to the flaring sunspots, 4) radial contraction and expansion in the northern and the southern part, respectively at speeds of $\leq$ \kms{10}. Using multi-wavelength data from \textit{SDO}, \textit{RHESSI}, XRT, and Nobeyama, along with magnetic field extrapolations, we found that: 1) the secondary ribbon location is consistent with the field line footpoints of a fan-shaped magnetic structure that connects the flaring region and the ambient decaying field; 2) the second M2.6 flare occurred when the expanding coronal loops driven by the first M2.0 flare encountered the background decayed field. 3) Immediately after the second flare, the secondary ribbon developed along with dimming regions. Based on our findings, we suggest that interaction between the expanding sigmoid field and the overlying fan-shaped field triggered the secondary reconnection that resulted in the field opening and formation of the quasi-circular secondary ribbon. We thus conclude that interaction between the active region and the ambient large-scale fields should be taken into account to fully understand the entire eruption process.