Optical two-photon nonlinear waves in two-dimensional materials

TL;DR

This paper develops a theoretical model for two-photon nonlinear waves in graphene, deriving analytical solutions for surface breathers and analyzing how graphene's optical conductivity affects wave amplitude.

Contribution

It introduces a new theoretical framework for two-photon breathers in graphene, including explicit analytical expressions and comparison with one-photon breathers.

Findings

Analytical expressions for two-photon breathers are derived.

Graphene's optical conductivity reduces wave amplitude during propagation.

Significant differences are found between one-photon and two-photon breathers.

Abstract

A theory of an optical two-photon breather in a graphene monolayer (or graphene-like two-dimensional material) is constructed. The system of the material equations for two-photon transitions and the wave equation for transverse magnetic polarized modes of the surface plasmon polaritons are shown to reduce to the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with damping. Explicit analytical expressions for a surface small intensity two-photon breather (0$\pi$ pulse) of self-induced transparency are obtained. It is shown that the optical conductivity of graphene reduces the amplitude of the surface two-photon nonlinear wave during the propagation. The one-photon and two-photon breathers in graphene are compared and have obtained that the differences between their parameters are significant.