Robust measurement of supernova $\nu_e$ spectra with future neutrino detectors

TL;DR

This paper evaluates how future neutrino detectors can improve the measurement of supernova electron neutrino spectra, highlighting the benefits of gadolinium, Hyper-Kamiokande, and DUNE for better spectral parameter determination.

Contribution

It introduces a chi-squared analysis framework applied to simulated supernova neutrino data to compare current and future detector capabilities in measuring $ u_e$ spectra.

Findings

Gadolinium enhances $ u_e$ measurement in Super-Kamiokande.

Hyper-Kamiokande and DUNE significantly improve spectral parameter precision.

Realistic three-parameter spectral analysis shows substantial detector improvements.

Abstract

Measuring precise all-flavor neutrino information from a supernova is crucial for understanding the core-collapse process as well as neutrino properties. We apply a chi-squared analysis for different detector setups to explore determination of $\nu_{e}$ spectral parameters. Using a long-term two-dimensional core-collapse simulation with three time varying spectral parameters, we generate mock data to examine the capabilities of the current Super-Kamiokande detector and compare the relative improvements that gadolinium, Hyper-Kamiokande, and DUNE would have. We show that in a realistic three spectral parameter framework, the addition of gadolinium to Super-Kamiokande allows for a qualitative improvement in $\nu_e$ determination. Significant improvements will be made by Hyper-Kamiokande and DUNE, allowing for much more precise determination of $\nu_e$ spectral parameters.